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Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula by the Prophet Muhammad. It is based on the belief in one God, Allah, and the teachings revealed to Muhammad through the Quran, which is considered the holy scripture of Islam. Muslims, the followers of Islam, adhere to the Five Pillars of Islam, which are:

1. **Shahada (Faith):** The declaration of faith that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.
2. **Salah (Prayer):** Performing ritual prayers five times a day facing the Kaaba in Mecca.
3. **Zakat (Charity):** Giving to those in need and supporting the welfare of the community.
4. **Sawm (Fasting):** Observing fasting during the month of Ramadan from dawn until sunset.
5. **Hajj (Pilgrimage):** Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if financially and physically able.

Islam emphasizes justice, compassion, and the importance of community. It has various branches, with Sunni and Shia being the largest, each with its own traditions and interpretations.